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František Kupka was a Czech painter and graphic artist. He was a pioneer and co-founder of the early phases of the abstract art movement and Orphic Cubism (Orphism). Kupka's abstract works arose from a base of realism, but later evolved into pure abstract art.
Alberto Magnelli was an Italian painter who played a significant role in the development of 20th century abstract art. He was born in Florence, Italy, and began his artistic training at the Academy of Fine Arts in Florence.
Magnelli's early work was heavily influenced by the Italian Futurist movement, but he later became interested in abstract art and began to experiment with different forms of abstraction. His paintings often featured geometric shapes, bold colors, and strong contrasts between light and dark.
During World War II, Magnelli fled to Switzerland and later moved to Paris, where he became involved with the Surrealist movement and formed close friendships with artists such as Piet Mondrian and Max Ernst. In the 1950s and 60s, he began to incorporate organic forms and more fluid, gestural marks into his work.
His work continues to be exhibited and studied around the world, and his legacy has had a significant impact on the development of modern and contemporary art in Italy and beyond.
Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau was a French poet, playwright, novelist, designer, filmmaker, visual artist and critic. He was one of the foremost creatives of the surrealist, avant-garde, and Dadaist movements; and one of the most influential figures in early 20th-century art as a whole. The National Observer suggested that, “of the artistic generation whose daring gave birth to Twentieth Century Art, Cocteau came closest to being a Renaissance man.”
Graham Vivian Sutherland was a prolific English artist. Notable for his paintings of abstract landscapes and for his portraits of public figures, Sutherland also worked in other media, including printmaking, tapestry and glass design.
Giuseppe Capogrossi was an Italian painter.
In the years following World War II, Capogrossi's work changed in favour of a more abstract style. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
Capogrossi subsequently became one of the main exponents of Italian informal art, together with Lucio Fontana and Alberto Burri.
Graham Vivian Sutherland was a prolific English artist. Notable for his paintings of abstract landscapes and for his portraits of public figures, Sutherland also worked in other media, including printmaking, tapestry and glass design.